Introduction
In Catalonia, 65% of the land is forested, only 35% is occupied by forests proper.
Prevention policies, based on forestry actions such as thinning or controlled burning, often have the effect of reverting ecological succession to earlier phases, where more heliophilous (light-loving) and more flammable species predominate.
Numerous plant remains are left behind that become highly flammable dry fuel, unlike the living undergrowth that retains moisture and reduces the spread of fire. In addition, the removal of dead wood seriously affects some xylophagous species.
The undergrowth, which has a vital function in ecosystems and contributes to maintaining forest moisture.
Forest habitats play a fundamental role in the conservation of species and processes, and some are listed as being of Community interest according to the Habitats Directive. The Natura 2000 network includes SPAs and SCIs that require active protection.
Because of the forest in natural evolution, the benefits are detailed below:
Forest in natural evolution
• There are no homes or infrastructures at risk in Turó de Montcada.
• These cases demonstrate that in specific points, the best management may also be not to intervene. In addition, several studies suggest that these mature and complex forests, with trees of all ages and sizes and the presence of dead wood, are more resilient to fire than is usually thought, when part of the public believes that they are "dirty" and need to be "cleaned".
Biodiversity
By allowing the forest to evolve naturally, biodiversity is promoted, as species can adapt and evolve without human intervention that could alter the ecological balance.
Forests are home to a wide variety of animals, all of which are essential for the proper functioning of the ecosystem.
Habitat conservation
By maintaining the forest in a state of natural evolution, critical habitats are preserved for many species, including those in danger of extinction.
Carbon sequestration
Mature forests are important carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in biomass and soils, which helps mitigate climate change
Natural cycles
Natural evolution allows nutrient, water and energy cycles to develop naturally, which maintains the health and fertility of the soil and the ecosystem in general.
Resilience
Forests that are left to evolve naturally tend to be more resilient to disturbances such as fires, floods or pests, as they have developed natural mechanisms for adaptation and recovery.
Soil protection
Natural vegetation helps protect the soil from erosion and maintains its structure, which is crucial for preventing the loss of fertile soil and landscape degradation.
Climate regulation
Forests help regulate local climate by providing shade, influencing rainfall patterns, and contributing to atmospheric humidity.
Scientific research
Naturally evolving forests serve as valuable study areas for understanding long-term ecological processes and how ecosystems respond to environmental changes.
Social function
Forests provide intangible benefits such as:
- Hiking, sport.
- Physical and mental health.
- Spending time in the forest improves cardiovascular health, blood pressure and helps regulate our emotional health.
Cultural and Aesthetic Values
For many communities, forests have deep cultural and spiritual significance, and their conservation can be important in preserving these traditions and connections.